The effect and comparison of training in ethical decision-making through lectures and group discussions on moral reasoning, moral distress and moral sensitivity in nurses: a clinical randomized controlled trial

Khaghanizadeh, Morteza; Koohi, Aliakbar; Ebadi, Abbas; Vahedian-Azimi, Amir

doi:10.1186/s12910-023-00938-5

Table 2 Comparison of pre- and post-intervention scores of nursing dilemma, moral distress and moral sensitivity between three groups

From: The effect and comparison of training in ethical decision-making through lectures and group discussions on moral reasoning, moral distress and moral sensitivity in nurses: a clinical randomized controlled trial

Parameters	Times	Lecture group (n = 22)	Discussioin group (n = 22)	Control group (n = 22)	P-value ***	P-value ****
Nursing dilemma test (NDT)
NP score	Pre-intervention	36.09 ± 5.28	36.18 ± 3.72	35.45 ± 4.09	0.838	< 0.001*
	Post-intervention	44.64 ± 4.70	52.50 ± 2.44	35.36 ± 4.03	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
	P-value**	< 0.001*	< 0.001*	0.936
Familiarity score	Pre-intervention	14.91 ± 3.41	14.50 ± 3.76	13.82 ± 4.33	0.640	0.811
	Post-intervention	13.68 ± 3.63	13.46 ± 3.67	13.73 ± 4.39	0.997	0.811
	P-value*	0.203	0.445	0.943
Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ)
Total moral sensitivity score	Pre-intervention	60.36 ± 11.68	59.23 ± 11.43	65.55 ± 11.34	0.159	0.010*
	Post-intervention	61.55 ± 11.57	76.50 ± 11.52	64.27 ± 9.45	< 0.001*	0.010*
	P-value*	0.742	< 0.001*	0.689
Moral Distress Scale (MDS)
Total Moral distress score	Pre-intervention	60.23 ± 21.34	57.32 ± 26.93	58.09 ± 30.32	0.931	0.337
	Post-intervention	53.41 ± 21.34	44.73 ± 17.24	61.32 ± 31.93	0.085	0.337
	P-value*	0.176	0.104	0.754
Moral distress’s dimensions
Inappropriate competencies	Pre-intervention	17.32 ± 7.18	17.27 ± 7.85	15.82 ± 10.90	0.814	0.651
and responsibilities	Post-intervention	16.77 ± 7.86	14.68 ± 8.84	16.86 ± 11.11	0.684	0.651
	P-value*	0.806	0.381	0.785
Errors	Pre-intervention	23.05 ± 9.79	22.77 ± 12.30	23.09 ± 12.11	0.995	0.316
	Post-intervention	18.82 ± 9.11	17.45 ± 6.78	24.36 ± 12.78	0.056	0.316
	P-value*	0.059	0.117	0.739
Not respecting the ethics	Pre-intervention	21.91 ± 9.59	17.27 ± 8.54	19.18 ± 9.45	0.252	0.175
principles	Post-intervention	17.36 ± 7.75	12.59 ± 4.82	20.09 ± 10.07	0.009*	0.175
	P-value*	0.020*	0.017*	0.771

Data are presented as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05 considered as significant, ** Obtained from paired t-test (within-group differences); *** Obtained from unadjusted one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with repeated measures (RMANOVA) (between-group differences); **** Obtained from adjusted (based on age group, gender, marital status, work experience, wards, shift work and overtime) one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) with repeated measures (between-group differences)

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