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Table 1 Identified themes and subthemes from the interviews

From: Biobanks in the low- and middle-income countries of the Arab Middle East region: challenges, ethical issues, and governance arrangements—a qualitative study involving biobank managers

Themes

Subthemes

Goals of biobanks

Personalized medicine

Knowledge of susceptibility to diseases

Investigation of genetic diseases

Challenges to the establishment of biobanks

Lack of experience and training

Limited start-up funding

Lack of awareness and the novelty of the concept of biobanking

Resistance from stakeholders

 Professional colleagues

 Patients and public

Sustainability

Definition of sustainability

Funding from different sources

Well thought-out business plans

Sample utilization and collection of fees

Collaborations with researchers

Partnerships with the private sector

International networking

Ethical issues

Types of informed consent

Privacy and confidentiality

Data sharing—Material Transfer Agreements

Return of Results

Governance

Definition of Governance

Types of Committees

Sample Access Policies

National Regulations

Community engagement trust

Activities to involve the community

Concerns with public lack of trust

Methods to enhance trust

Transparency