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Table 1 Reciprocical expections involved in the writing of medical certificates to apply for temporary residence permit for medical reasons, adapted from Cruess and Cruess [9]

From: Will my patients get their residence permit? A critical analysis of the ethical dilemmas involved in writing medical certificates for residence permits in France

 

Expectations

Migrant patients of physicians

To be cured / to receive care / to be helped

Altruistic service, beneficence

Morality, integrity, honesty

Trustworthiness

Physicians of migrant patients

To be trusted

Rewards (non-financial – e.g. maintaining a relationship, gratitude-, financial)

Adherence to care

Physicians of governments

Health care system: equitable, value-laden, reasonable freedom within the system

To ensure health care access and continuity via delivery of health care permit

Migrant patients of governments

Equitable, trustworthy and accessible health care system

To get residence permit for health care

To not violate human rights

Government of migrant patients

Appropriate use of resources (referring to the social justice principle)

Strict compliance to care

Control overflow of migrants

Government of physicians

Morality, integrity, honesty

Compliance with laws (i.e. providing objective assessment of health status)

Promotion of public goods