Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the respondents
From: Perceptions of plagiarism by biomedical researchers: an online survey in Europe and China
Variables | Percentage of total respondents (%) | Percentage of researchers in Europe (%) | Percentage of researchers in China (%) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (n = 1026) | ||||
  < =30y | 10.3 | 11.0 | 7.4 | <.001 |
 31-40y | 33.7 | 32.3 | 39.6 |  |
 41-50y | 24.7 | 22.3 | 34.1 |  |
 51-60y | 20.6 | 21.6 | 16.3 |  |
  > 60y | 10.7 | 12.7 | 2.5 |  |
Gender (n = 1029) | ||||
 Female | 41.6 | 44.6 | 29.4 | <.001 |
 Male | 58.4 | 55.4 | 70.6 |  |
Mother tongue (n = 1030) | ||||
 Chinese | 21.3 | 2.7 | 96.6 | <.001 |
 English | 13.3 | 16.1 | 2.0 |  |
 Other | 65.4 | 81.2 | 1.5 |  |
Current academic position (n = 1030) | ||||
 Professor | 29.7 | 25.2 | 48.0 | <.001 |
 Associate professor | 21.6 | 19.2 | 30.9 |  |
 Assistant professor | 9.8 | 10.6 | 6.4 |  |
 Postdoc | 20.4 | 24.5 | 3.9 |  |
 Other | 16.3 | 18.5 | 7.4 |  |
 Not a scientific researcher | 2.2 | 1.9 | 3.4 |  |
PhD degree (n = 1030) | ||||
 Yes | 84.3 | 82.6 | 91.2 | 0.001 |
 Current PhD candidate | 7.4 | 8.8 | 1.5 |  |
 No | 8.4 | 8.6 | 7.4 |  |
Year of obtaining PhD degree (n = 828) | ||||
  < 1979 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.0 | <.001 |
 1979–1988 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 2.3 |  |
 1989–1998 | 19.4 | 22.0 | 9.8 |  |
 1999–2008 | 33.0 | 28.3 | 50.6 |  |
 2009–2018 | 38.9 | 39.3 | 37.4 |  |
International research experience (> 6 months) (n = 1030) | ||||
 Yes | 62.4 | 62.1 | 63.7 | 0.669 |
 No | 37.6 | 37.9 | 36.3 |  |