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Table 6 Mentions, rejections and endorsements of reasons concerning chimera treatment (Category B)

From: Ethical arguments concerning human-animal chimera research: a systematic review

Reasons Concerning Chimera Treatment (Category B)

B.1: The chimera might be violated in its animal-analogous moral status

B.1.i: Chimera’s mere existence might be inconsistent with animal welfare and/or animal non-instrumentalization

Mention [9, 26]

Reject [34, 85]

Endorse [19, 70]

B.1.ii: Chimera’s further treatment might be inconsistent with animal welfare and/or animal non-instrumentalization

Mention [8, 54, 66]

Reject [2, 4, 67, 82, 85]

Endorse [none]

B.2: The chimera might be violated in its human-analogous moral status

B.2.i: Chimera’s mere production might violate human-analogous respect

Mention [36, 49]

Reject [34, 67, 68]

Endorse [14, 20, 21, 53, 63]

B.2.ii: Chimera’s mere existence might be incompatible with human-analogous welfare

Mention [66]

Reject [34, 68]

Endorse [53]

B.2.iii: Chimera’s developmental options might not allow for its relevant potentiala

Mention [50, 56]

Reject [36, 68]

Endorse [26]

B.2.iv: Chimera’s early treatment might violate human-analogous embryo protection

Mention [22, 41, 54]

Reject [89]

Endorse [39, 42, 84]

B.2.v: Chimera’s later treatment might be incompatible with human-analogous rightsb

Mention [9, 26, 36, 41, 68]

Reject [4, 8, 59, 66]

Endorse [5, 10, 11, 19, 27, 37, 42, 56, 81, 88, 89, 92]

B.2.vi: Chimera might lack adequate human-like surrounding

Mention [46]

Reject [none]

Endorse [36, 37]

B.2.vii: Chimera might be attributed a questionable role in societyc

Mention [84]

Reject [none]

Endorse [10, 14, 81, 82]

B.2.viii Chimera might have unclear moral status

Mention [21, 26, 60, 68, 71, 76, 77]

Reject [17, 29, 38, 52, 69]

Endorse [14, 27, 28, 32, 40, 47, 63]

B.2.ix Chimera might have human-like capacities/characteristicsd

Mention [6, 17, 26, 27, 36, 61, 72, 79]

Reject [9, 10, 50, 51]

Endorse [11, 19, 34, 35, 89]

  1. a E.g. when a potential for rational behavior is confined to a bodily structure that will not support its development
  2. b E.g. when the chimera is experimented on without adequate consent or killed for research purposes
  3. c E.g. when the chimera is abused as an inferior member of a slave race
  4. d Insinuating that this possibility in itself constitutes an ethical problem