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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study sample and population

From: The use of empirical research in bioethics: a survey of researchers in twelve European countries

 

Study sample (N = 200)

Study population (N = 469)b

 

n

%

n

%

Gender

  

 Man

83

40.5

198

45.0

 Woman

117

58.5

242

55.0

Age category a

  ≤ 34 years

69

34.8

 35–44 years

78

39.4

  ≥ 45 years

51

25.8

Education

  

 Master’s degree

39

19.5

 PhD or equivalent

148

74.0

 Other

13

6.5

Position

 Professor

57

28.5

 Post-doc or senior researcher

81

40.5

 PhD-students

62

31.0

  1. aData missing for two cases for ‘age category’ in the study sample
  2. bData for the population (all bioethics scholars who received our survey) contained missing values up to 70% (e.g. age) because this data was either not available on the public domain (institution websites) or provided using labels that did not allow categorisation (such as for data on background or degrees). Moreover, the data on education and position were mutually contradictory indicating that information online was not updated. We therefore could only use the data on gender (data missing for 29 cases for the study population) to compare the response group with the non-response group
  3. Chi2 test was run to compare the study sample with the nonresponse (study population minus the study sample) for gender. No significant difference was found