Table 1 Sample characteristics and descriptive statistics

Categorical Variables

N (%)

%

%

%

χ² p-value

Total sample

1,578 (100.0)

22.6

23.1

54.3

-

Gender

 Male

739 (46.8)

19.8

21.7

58.6

0.004

 Female

839 (53.2)

25.0

24.4

50.5

Education

 Compulsory school

206 (13.1)

33.0

19.4

47.6

<0.001

 Apprentice/vocational

940 (59.6)

22.9

21.2

56.0

 High school diploma

232 (14.7)

22.4

25.4

52.2

 University

200 (12.7)

10.5

33.5

56.0

Confession

 Catholic

1,157 (73.3)

25.2

24.3

50.6

<0.001

 Protestant

66 (4.2)

15.2

34.8

50.0

 Muslim

45 (2.9)

40.0

15.6

44.4

 Other

38 (2.4)

13.2

28.9

57.9

 No Confession

272 (17.2)

11.8

15.8

72.4

Household size

 Single

563 (35.7)

20.4

22.9

56.7

0.072

 Dual

569 (36.1)

23.2

20.7

56.1

 3+ Persons

446 (28.3)

24.3

26.5

49.1

Cared for ill

 No

1,091 (69.1)

23.3

20.7

56.0

0.003

 Yes

487 (30.9)

20.9

28.5

50.5

Cared for dying

 No

1,111 (70.4)

23.8

20.5

55.7

<0.001

 Yes

467 (29.6)

19.7

29.3

51.0

Occupation health sector

 No

1,495 (94.7)

22.7

22.5

54.8

0.060

 Yes

83 83 (5.3)

20.5

33.7

45.8

Continuous variables

N (mean ± sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

anova p-values

Age (years)

1,578 (49.7 ± 16.3)

50.1 (17.3)

51.0 (15.7)

49.0 (16.1)

0.450/0.270

Subjective Health (1–5)

1,578 (2.04 ± 0.88)

2.13 (0.84)

2.03 (0.87)

2.02 (0.90)

0.131/0.048

Religiosity (1–4)

1,578 (2.70 ± 0.89)

2.48 (0.97)

2.52 (0.82)

2.88 (0.85)

0.590/<0.001

Liberalism (1–4)

1,578 (2.22 ± 0.73)

2.57 (0.91)

2.09 (0.61)

2.15 (0.69)

<0.001/<0.001