From: Evaluating community engagement in global health research: the need for metrics
Weijer and Emanuel, 2000 [20] |
Protect communities in research |
Emanuel et al., 2004 [9] |
Minimize the possibility of exploitation |
Increase the likelihood that the research will have a long-term impact |
Demonstrate an awareness of and respect for cultural differences between the researchers, sponsors and communities |
Respect for recruited participants and study populations |
Dickert and Sugarman, 2005 [21] |
Enhance protections for communities |
Enhance benefits for communities |
Enhance legitimacy for the research |
Partners share responsibility for the conduct of the research |
Nuffield Council of Bioethics, 2005 [53] |
Enhance respect for communities |
Tailor research to better meet the needs of communities |
Tindana et al., 2007 [6] |
Ensure the relevance of research |
Assess whether relevant research is culturally and practically acceptable in the context it is intended |
Ensure that community disruption is minimized, i.e., avoiding the displacement of local medical staff from pressing local needs |
Avoid exploitation, by ensuring a fair distribution of the benefits of research |
Take into account the ethical hazards that may be part of the social, economic, and political landscape of the community |
Ahmed and Palermo, 2010 (COPR) [1] |
Communities and investigators share power and responsibility equitably |
Diverse perspectives and populations are included in an equitable manner |
The research project results in mutual benefit for all partners |
All partners receive equal respect |
UNAIDS and AVAC, 2011 [14] |
Ensure the ethical and scientific quality and outcome of proposed research |
Ensure relevance of research to the affected community |
Ensure acceptance of research by the affected community |
Participants in the Community Engagement Consent Workshop, Kilifi Kenya [11] |
Support research that is respectful to individuals and communities where social value is maximized |
Critical Path to TB Drug Regimens, 2012 [15] |
Ensure that disparities and inequalities are not inadvertently replicated or reinforced |
Ensure that power dynamics do not disadvantage some stakeholders more than others (minimize the threat of exploitation) |
Ensure that the burden associated with TB drug trials is fully apprehended and protocols are adjusted to minimize the burden |
Prioritize the management of stigma and involuntary isolation |
Ensure emerging challenges are addressed in the new era of TB drug trials |
King, et al., 2014 [24] |
Identifying and managing non-obvious risks and benefits |
Expanding respect beyond the individual to the stakeholder community |
Building legitimacy for the research project |