Table 1 Respondents’ judgement of the statements presented to them, scored on a five-level Likert scale (1 = completely agree, 5 = completely disagree) (N = 654)
From: Authorship: attitudes and practice among Norwegian researchers
Statement | Mean | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
1 An author must take responsibility for at least one component of the work, should be able to identify who is responsible for each other component, and should ideally be confident in their co-authors’ ability and integrity | 1.59 | (1.53 – 1.65) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.84 | (2.76 – 2.92) |
2 Authors should have given substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data | 1.25 | (1.20 – 1.29) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.52 | (2.44 – 2.60) |
3 Authors should have drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content | 1.63 | (1.55 – 1.70) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.48 | (2.39 – 2.56) |
4 Authors should have given final approval of the version to be published | 1.08 | (1.05 – 1.11) |
Easy to practice this principle | 1.64 | (1.57 – 1.71) |
5 For collective authorship, e.g. group or organization, one or more individuals responsible should be named | 1.38 | (1.31 – 1.45) |
Easy to practice this principle | 1.92 | (1.82 – 2.02) |
6 Contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgments section. The contribution of each should be specified. | 1.27 | (1.22 – 1.32) |
Easy to practice this principle | 1.90 | (1.82 – 1.98) |
7 The person who has contributed most to the work should be first author | 1.29 | (1.24 – 1.34) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.00 | (1.92 – 2.07) |
8 The last author should normally be the principal supervisor | 1.33 | (1.27 – 1.39) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.02 | (1.93 – 2.10) |
9 Authors should be named in the order they have contributed to the work (most contributions first) with a possible exception for the last author | 1.63 | (1.55 – 1.71) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.55 | (2.47 – 2.63) |
10 Authors should decide among themselves who qualifies for authorship and the order of authors before submitting a manuscript | 1.24 | (1.19 – 1.29) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.16 | (2.08 – 2.25) |
11 Acquisition of funding alone does not constitute authorship | 1.24 | (1.19 – 1.29) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.02 | (1.92 – 2.12) |
12 General supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship | 1.71 | (1.64 – 1.79) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.66 | (2.56 – 2.76) |
13 An author is normally someone who has given substantial, intellectual contributions to a published study | 1.51 | (1.44 – 1.57) |
Easy to practice this principle | 2.43 | (2.35 – 2.51) |