|
Plagiarism
|
15 (11.5%)
|
39 (29.7%)
|
65 (49.6%)
|
12 (9.2%)
|
131
|
2
|
|
Falsifying data
|
12 (9.1%)
|
40 (30.3%)
|
62 (47.0%)
|
18 (13.6%)
|
132
|
1
|
|
Intentional protocol violations related to subject enrolment
|
16 (12.5%)
|
51 (39.8%)
|
48 (37.5%)
|
13 (10.2%)
|
128
|
5
|
|
Intentional protocol violations related to procedures
|
18 (14.3%)
|
49 (38.9%)
|
46 (36.5%)
|
13 (10.3%)
|
126
|
7
|
|
Selective dropping of data from ‘outlier’ cases
|
17 (13.6%)
|
41 (32.8%)
|
52 (41.6%)
|
15 (12.0%)
|
125
|
8
|
|
Falsification of biosketch, resume, reference list
|
29 (23%)
|
52 (41.3%)
|
34 (27.0%)
|
11 (8.7%)
|
126
|
7
|
|
Disagreements about authorship
|
22 (16.7%)
|
61(46.2%)
|
39 (29.5%)
|
10 (7.6%)
|
132
|
1
|
|
Pressure from study sponsor (e.g. pharmaceutical company or device company) to engage in unethical practices
|
48 (38.4%)
|
42 (33.6%)
|
31 (24.8%)
|
4 (3.2%)
|
125
|
8
|
