Table 1 Benefit sharing disposition in various contexts
From: Benefit sharing: an exploration on the contextual discourse of a changing concept
Context of benefit sharing | Main ethical justification | Parties involved in benefit sharing | Legal stance of benefit sharing regulations |
|---|---|---|---|
Common Heritage of Humankind | Justice as equality | All states of the universe | Binding regulations (e.g. UNCLOS 1982, IUPGR 1983) |
Convention on Biological Diversity | Justice in exchange or Commutative justice | States that provide genetic resources | Binding regulations on states that ratified the CBD |
States that utilize genetic resources | |||
International research | Justice as reciprocity (reasonable availability) | Pharmaceutical industries and research organization | Non binding regulations |
Procedural justice (fair benefit approach) | Research participants and communities | ||
Distributive justice (Maximin) | |||
Solidarity (Genetic research) |