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Table 6 Who to disclose Medical Error According to Public Preference and Perception of Current Practice per Demographic Characteristics

From: Which medical error to disclose to patients and by whom? Public preference and perceptions of norm and current practice

 

Statement*

Overall Pa

At-fault-physician vs. other choicesb

 

Any employee

Any physician

At-fault physician

Manager of At-fault-physician

Medical director

Chief executive director

 

P

OR (95% CI)

Personal Preference

         

Males [399]

7 (2)

65 (16)

191 (48)

77 (19)

36 (9)

23 (6)

0.04

< 0.001

0.40

Females** [468]

9 (2)

40 (9)

327 (70)

56 (12)

18 (4)

18 (4)

  

(0.30-0.52)

Saudis [778]

14 (2)

92 (12)

468 (60)

117(15)

53 (7)

34 (4)

0.74

0.50

1.18

Non-Saudi Arabs** [89]

2 (2)

13 (15)

50 (56)

16 (18)

1 (1)

7 (8)

  

(0.76-1.83)

Patients [327]

8 (2)

44 (14)

202 (62)

48 (15)

16 (5)

9 (3)

0.02

0.34

1.15

Healthy** [540]

8 (2)

61 (11)

316 (59)

85 (16)

38 (7)

32 (6)

  

(0.87-1.52)

≥College [534]

11 (2)

68 (13)

310 (58)

95 (18)

32 (6)

18 (3)

0.10

0.13

0.61

         

(0.32-1.16)

School [286]

3 (1)

31 (11)

176 (62)

34 (12)

21 (7)

21 (7)

 

0.30

0.70

         

(0.36-1.37)

Illiterate** [46]

2 (4)

6 (13)

32 (70)

4 (9)

1 (2)

1 (2)

   

Perception of Current Practice

        

Males [405)

54 (13)

118 (29)

104 (26)

76 (19)

27 (7)

26 (6)

0.50

< 0.001

0.45

Females** [353]

20 (6)

120 (34)

154 (43)

23 (7)

16 (5)

20 (6)

  

(0.33-0.61)

Saudis [674]

66 (10)

215 (32)

229 (34)

87 (13)

40 (6)

37 (6)

0.32

0.92

0.98

Non-Saudi Arabs** [84]

8 (10)

23 (27)

29 (35)

12 (14)

3 (4)

9 (11)

  

(0.61-1.57)

Patients [270]

14 (5)

91 (34)

102 (38)

38 (14)

15 (6)

10 (4)

0.48

0.11

1.29

Healthy** [488]

60 (12)

147 (30)

156 (32)

61 (13)

28 (6)

36 (7)

  

(0.95-1.76)

≥College [478]

58 (12)

158 (33)

154 (32)

61 (13)

25 (5)

22 (5)

0.002

0.42

0.60

         

(0.27-1.36)

School [254]

15 (6)

70 (28)

93 (37)

36 (14)

17 (7)

23 (9)

 

0.47

0.74

         

(0.32-1.69)

Illiterate** [25]

1 (4)

10 (40)

11 (44)

1 (4)

1 (4)

1 (4)

   
  1. *"Any employee", "any physician", "at-fault-physician", "manager of at-fault-physician", "medical director", and "chief executive director" correspond, respectively, to statements 1 to 6 in Table 1(b). Data indicate the number (%) of respondents who chose the corresponding statement. Numbers between [·] represent the number of responses from participants with the indicated characteristic. aMann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test (for educational status). bMantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate.
  2. ** Reference group in the Mantel-Haenszel estimate. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
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