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  1. The European Union (EU) aims to optimize patient protection and efficiency of health-care research by harmonizing procedures across Member States. Nonetheless, further improvements are required to increase mul...

    Authors: Marjolein Timmers, Jeroen T. J. M. van Dijck, Roel P. J. van Wijk, Valerie Legrand, Ernest van Veen, Andrew I. R. Maas, David K. Menon, Giuseppe Citerio, Nino Stocchetti and Erwin J. O. Kompanje
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:36
  2. Partnering with patients in healthcare research now benefits from a strong rationale and is encouraged by funding agencies and research institutions. However, this new approach raises ethical issues for patien...

    Authors: Joé T. Martineau, Asma Minyaoui and Antoine Boivin
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:34
  3. Biomarker research is gaining increasing attention focusing on the preclinical stages of the disease. Such interest requires special attention for communication and disclosure in clinical contexts. Many countr...

    Authors: Zümrüt Alpinar-Sencan and Silke Schicktanz
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:33
  4. Outbreaks of infectious disease cause serious and costly health and social problems. Two new technologies – pathogen whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Big Data analytics – promise to improve our capacity to de...

    Authors: Chris Degeling, Stacy M. Carter, Antoine M. van Oijen, Jeremy McAnulty, Vitali Sintchenko, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Trent Yarwood, Jane Johnson and Gwendolyn L. Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:31
  5. Preconception Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) is a genetic test offered to a general population or to couples who have no known risk of recessive and X-linked genetic diseases and are interested in becoming p...

    Authors: Amal Matar, Anna T. Höglund, Pär Segerdahl and Ulrik Kihlbom
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:30
  6. Traditionally, palliative care has focused on patients suffering from life-threatening somatic diseases such as cancer or progressive neurological disorders. In contrast, despite the often chronic, severely di...

    Authors: Mattias Strand, Manne Sjöstrand and Anna Lindblad
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:29
  7. Knowing the opinions of patients with Progressive Neurological Diseases (PNDs) and their family members on end-of-life care can help initiate communication and the drawing up of a care plan. The aim of this pa...

    Authors: Radka Bužgová and Radka Kozáková
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:28
  8. Protecting the privacy of research participants is widely recognized as one of the standard ethical requirements for clinical research. It is unknown, however, how research professionals regard concepts of pri...

    Authors: Latifa Adarmouch, Marwan Felaefel, Robert Wachbroit and Henry Silverman
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:27
  9. There is continued need for enhanced medical ethics education across the United States. In an effort to guide medical ethics education reform, we report the first interprofessional survey of a cohort of gradua...

    Authors: Mikalyn T. DeFoor, Yunmi Chung, Julie K. Zadinsky, Jeffrey Dowling and Richard W. Sams II
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:26
  10. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments may cause premature ovarian failure and irreversible loss of fertility. In the context of childhood cancers, it is now acknowledged that possible negative effects of...

    Authors: Aliya Oulaya Affdal, Michael Grynberg, Laila Hessissen and Vardit Ravitsky
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:25
  11. Several jurisdictions, including Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and most recently Ireland, have a public interest or public good criterion for granting waivers of consent in biomedical research using second...

    Authors: G. Owen Schaefer, Graeme Laurie, Sumytra Menon, Alastair V. Campbell and Teck Chuan Voo
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:23
  12. Approximately 7% of the general population is affected by an orphan disease, which, in the United States, is defined as affecting fewer than 1 in 1500 people. Disease awareness is often low and time-to-diagnos...

    Authors: Konstantin Mechler, Juliane Rausch, William K. Mountford and Markus Ries
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:20
  13. Internationally, patient access to notes is increasing. This has been driven by respect for patient autonomy, often recognised as a primary tenet of medical ethics: patients should be able to access their reco...

    Authors: Stephanie N. D’Costa, Isla L. Kuhn and Zoë Fritz
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:18
  14. Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach to individualized care. It aims to help physicians better comprehend and predict the needs of their patients while effectively adopting in a timely manner the mo...

    Authors: Lester Darryl Geneviève, Andrea Martani, David Shaw, Bernice Simone Elger and Tenzin Wangmo
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:17
  15. The Ethiopian law on abortion was liberalized in 2005. However, as a strongly religious country, the new law has remained controversial from the outset. Many abortion providers have religious allegiances, whic...

    Authors: Demelash Bezabih Ewnetu, Viva Combs Thorsen, Jan Helge Solbakk and Morten Magelssen
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:16
  16. The clinical introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal aneuploidies is currently transforming the landscape of prenatal screening in many countries. Since it is noninvasive, safe and allows the e...

    Authors: Hazar Haidar, Meredith Vanstone, Anne-Marie Laberge, Gilles Bibeau, Labib Ghulmiyyah and Vardit Ravitsky
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:15
  17. Human infection studies (HIS) are valuable in vaccine development. Deliberate infection, however, creates challenging questions, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where HIS are new and et...

    Authors: Blessings M. Kapumba, Kondwani Jambo, Jamie Rylance, Markus Gmeiner, Rodrick Sambakunsi, Michael Parker, Stephen B. Gordon and Kate Gooding
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:14
  18. When a genetic mutation is identified in a family member (proband), internationally, it is usually the proband’s or another responsible family member’s role to disclose the information to at-risk relatives. Ho...

    Authors: Natalia Meggiolaro, Kristine Barlow-Stewart, Kate Dunlop, Ainsley J. Newson and Jane Fleming
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:13
  19. Sharing de-identified individual-level health research data is widely promoted and has many potential benefits. However there are also some potential harms, such as misuse of data and breach of participant con...

    Authors: Phaik Yeong Cheah and Jan Piasecki
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:12
  20. Incidental findings (IFs) and secondary findings (SFs), being results that are unrelated to the diagnostic question, are the subject of an important debate in the practice of clinical genomic medicine. Argumen...

    Authors: Marlies Saelaert, Heidi Mertes, Tania Moerenhout, Elfride De Baere and Ignaas Devisch
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:9
  21. The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to s...

    Authors: Lara Bernasconi, Selçuk Şen, Luca Angerame, Apolo P. Balyegisawa, Damien Hong Yew Hui, Maximilian Hotter, Chung Y. Hsu, Tatsuya Ito, Francisca Jörger, Wolfgang Krassnitzer, Adam T. Phillips, Rui Li, Louise Stockley, Fabian Tay, Charlotte von Heijne Widlund, Ming Wan…
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:8
  22. As Next Generation Sequencing technologies are increasingly implemented in biomedical research and (translational) care, the number of study participants and patients who ask for release of their genomic raw d...

    Authors: Christoph Schickhardt, Henrike Fleischer and Eva C. Winkler
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:7
  23. Ritual circumcision of infant boys is controversial in Norway, as in many other countries. The procedure became a part of Norwegian public health services in 2015. A new law opened for conscientious objection ...

    Authors: Liv Astrid Litleskare, Mette Tolås Strander, Reidun Førde and Morten Magelssen
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:5
  24. Within the research community, it is generally accepted that consent processes for research should be culturally appropriate and tailored to the context, yet researchers continue to grapple with what valid con...

    Authors: Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil, Thi Thanh Thuy Nguyen, Thanh Nhan Le Nguyen, Van Vinh Chau Nguyen, Mary Chambers, Thi Dieu Ngan Ta, Laura Merson, Thi Phuong Dung Nguyen, Minh Tu Van Hoang, Michael Parker, Susan Bull and Evelyne Kestelyn
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:4
  25. Digital Pills (DP) are an innovative drug-device technology that permits to combine traditional medications with a monitoring system that automatically records data about medication adherence as well as patien...

    Authors: Andrea Martani, Lester Darryl Geneviève, Christopher Poppe, Carlo Casonato and Tenzin Wangmo
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:3
  26. In clinical research, obtaining informed consent from participants is an ethical and legal requirement. Conveying the information concerning the study can be done using multiple methods yet this step commonly ...

    Authors: Marta S. Palmeirim, Amanda Ross, Brigit Obrist, Ulfat A. Mohammed, Shaali M. Ame, Said M. Ali and Jennifer Keiser
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:1
  27. Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada came into effect in 2016 with the passing of Bill C-14. As patient interest and requests for MAID continue to evolve in Canada, it is important to understand the at...

    Authors: Aaron Wong, Amy T. Hsu and Peter Tanuseputro
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:103
  28. The ethical principle of justice demands that resources be distributed equally and based on evidence. Guidelines regarding forgoing of CPR are unavailable and there is large variance in the reported rates of a...

    Authors: Janet Ozer, Gadi Alon, Dmitry Leykin, Joseph Varon, Limor Aharonson-Daniel and Sharon Einav
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:102
  29. In their letter to the Editor in this issue, Kolstoe and Carpenter challenge a core aspect of our recently published case study of research approvals [BMC Medical Ethics 20:7] by arguing that we conflate resea...

    Authors: Mila Petrova and Stephen Barclay
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:101

    The original article was published in BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:7

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:100

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:100

  30. In their paper “Research approvals iceberg: how a ‘low-key’ study in England needed 89 professionals to approve it and how we can do better” Petrova and Barclay highlight concerns with the health research regu...

    Authors: Simon E. Kolstoe and David Carpenter
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:100

    The original article was published in BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:7

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:101

  31. One important ethical issue in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is randomisation. Relatively little is known about how participating individuals and communities understand and perceive central aspects of ra...

    Authors: Maureen Mupeta Kombe, Joseph Mumba Zulu, Charles Michelo and Ingvild F. Sandøy
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:99
  32. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and wearable computing are creating novel technological opportunities for mitigating the global burden of population ageing and improving the quality of care ...

    Authors: Tenzin Wangmo, Mirjam Lipps, Reto W. Kressig and Marcello Ienca
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:98
  33. Much like academic-industry partnerships, industry financial support of patient advocacy organizations (PAOs) has become very common in recent years. While financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) between PAOs a...

    Authors: Orna Ehrlich, Laura Wingate, Caren Heller and Inmaculada de Melo-Martin
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:96
  34. People with lived experience are individuals who have first-hand experience of the medical condition(s) being considered. The value of including the viewpoints of people with lived experience in health policy,...

    Authors: Katherine Rittenbach, Candice G. Horne, Terence O’Riordan, Allison Bichel, Nicholas Mitchell, Adriana M. Fernandez Parra and Frank P. MacMaster
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:95
  35. Ethical considerations play a prominent role in the protection of human subjects in clinical research. To date the disclosure of ethical protection in clinical research published in the international nursing j...

    Authors: Yanni Wu, Michelle Howarth, Chunlan Zhou, Mingyu Hu and Weilian Cong
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:94
  36. Physicians play a fundamental role in the care of patients at the end of life that includes knowing how to accompany patients, alleviate their suffering and inform them about their situation. However, in reali...

    Authors: Asunción Álvarez-del-Río, Edwin Ortega-García, Luis Oñate-Ocaña and Ingrid Vargas-Huicochea
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:93
  37. Individual physicians and physician-associated factors may influence patients’/surrogates’ autonomous decision-making, thus influencing the practice of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. The objective of this st...

    Authors: Yen-Yuan Chen, Melany Su, Shu-Chien Huang, Tzong-Shinn Chu, Ming-Tsan Lin, Yu-Chun Chiu and Kuan-Han Lin
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:92
  38. Reasonable disagreement about the role awarded to gamete donors in decision-making on the use of embryos created by gamete donation (EGDs) for research purposes emphasises the importance of considering the imp...

    Authors: I. Baía, C. de Freitas, C. Samorinha, V. Provoost and S. Silva
    Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:90

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