Table 1 Scenarios of scientific misconduct

Misuse of funds

During the reimbursement process of project funds, considering the physical and mental efforts he had taken participating in the project, the medical researcher reported some amounts that exceeded the actual expenses.

False signature

The medical researcher is applying for a scientific research project that is jointly participated by several scholars in the institution. When submitting the paper application form, he arranged others to sign the application form for some collaborators without notifying them.

Repeated declaration

As the medical researcher was successfully approved for a major national project last year, this year, he arranged a core member of his project team to submit a proposal to another research program based on the main content of that approved project, in order to obtain more research funding.

False project marking

A scientific research project undertaken by the medical researcher is about to end, and it is found that there is a gap between the research results and the expected goals in the project declaration. He asked the project team members to mark this funding number in all papers and other results, even if some papers are not related to this project. In addition, he also planned to add the results of other projects that are of little concern when writing the final report to ensure a smooth conclusion.