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Table 1 Core competencies of the CEC defined at the CBEL Seminar

From: Practical training using immersive roleplay and an intensive course on clinical ethics consultation in Japan

Qualities

Sense of responsibility

Courage

Ability

Insight

Practical wisdom

Sense of balance

Skills

Information-gathering skills

Evaluation skills

Analytical skills

Solution-oriented skills

Facilitation skills

Communication skills

Knowledge

Knowledge of medicine

Knowledge of ethics

Basic knowledge of law

Knowledge of psychology

  1. (Qualities) In ASBH (2011), attributes, attitudes, and behaviors include patience, compassion, integrity, courage, and humility. We took “qualities” to broadly classify the aforementioned terms, and categorized them as shown in the table. Our addition of “qualities” was based on the situation in Japan at the time. That is, in 2016, when this course was conducted in Japan, clinical ethics consultation was expanding, but the existence of the clinical ethics consultant as a professional designation had not yet taken root, and professionalism (or professional virtue) needed to be taught.
  2. (Ability) This item is not in the ASBH (2011). This is roughly equivalent to “Phronesis.”
  3. (Skills) In ASBH (2011), core skills are divided into three major categories: skills to evaluate and analyze ethical issues, process skills, and communication skills. These include facilitation skills at conferences, skills for improving the quality of consultations, and for managing consultations. We have reorganized them into six categories as shown in the table, omitting those related to departmental administration and management, in light of the actual situation in Japan.
  4. (Knowledge) In ASBH (2011), core knowledge was divided into nine categories, including moral reasoning and ethical theory, general bioethics issues and concepts, and healthcare systems. We categorized them into four major categories from a more practical perspective.
  5. ASBH: American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, CBEL: Center for Bioethics and Law, CEC: clinical ethics consultation