From: Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance
Private goods | Club goods | Common-pool resources | Public goods | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Excludability This means that a certain thing (good) is mine I am in a position to exclude others from using it. For instance, I hold onto my pencil and do not allow others to use it. But I cannot appropriate sunny weather just for myself. Sunny weather is a non-excludable good | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Rivalry/Subtractability This means that when I use a thing, I am taking a part of that thing from others. When I eat a berry there are fewer berries for others. But when I enjoy safe traffic in my city I do not diminish the pool of safety for others. Safe traffic is a non-rivalrous good | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Example | A pencil | A membership- based botanical garden | Berries in the public woods | Public security |