Table 2 Ethical climate scores per professional staff and ICU types
Role within ICU | Mean (S.D.)a | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Physician | Nurses | P-Nb | |
Overall ethical climate | 3.69 (0.65) | 3.30 (0.69) | < 0.05 |
Factors | |||
1. Self-reflective and empowering leadership by physicians | 3.48 (0.81) | 3.31 (0.90) | < 0.05 |
2. Practice and culture of open interdisciplinary reflection | 3.7 0(0.75) | 3.60 (0.79) | 0.4 |
3. Culture of not avoiding EOL-DM | 2.9 0(0.82) | 2.40 (0.83) | < 0.05 |
4. Mutual respect within the interdisciplinary team | 4.20 (0.59) | 3.66 (0.84) | < 0.001 |
5. Active involvement of nurses in EOL care and decision-making | 3.43 (0.73) | 3.50 (0.72) | 0.2 |
6. Active Decision-Making by physicians | 3.69 (0.79) | 3.01 (0.89) | 0.03 |
7. Practice and culture of ethical awareness | 3.70 (0.70) | 3.20 (0.85) | 0.03 |
ICU types | Mean (S.D.)a | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical ICUs | Neonatal/pediatric | Surgical ICUs | NP-Mc | M-Sd | NP-Se | |
Overall ethical climate | 3.43 (0.81) | 3.54 (0.66) | 3.30 (0.69) | .05 | .03 | < 0.001 |
Factors | ||||||
1. Self-reflective and empowering leadership by physicians | 3.35 (0.75) | 3.47 (0.47) | 3.33 (0.6) | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.1 |
2. Practice and culture of open interdisciplinary reflection | 3.63 (0.60) | 3.60 (0.73) | 3.64 (0.59) | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
3. Culture of not avoiding EOL-DM | 2.68 (0.81) | 2.87 (0.90) | 2.39 (0.92) | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
4. Culture of mutual respect within the interdisciplinary team | 3.82 (0.72) | 4 (0.77) | 3.69 (0.70) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.01 |
5. Active involvement of nurses in EOL care and decision-making | 3.47 (0.93) | 3.47 (0.80) | 3.25 (0.96) | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
6. Active Decision-Making by physicians | 3.4 (0.77) | 3.6 (0.73) | 3.54 0.68) | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.2 |
7. Practice and culture of ethical awareness | 3.73 (0.68) | 3.63 (0.56) | 3.25 (0.82) | 0.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |