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Table 3 Chronological order of publications and details of Waorani’s research

From: Potential research ethics violations against an indigenous tribe in Ecuador: a mixed methods approach

No.

Institution's country

Author

Year

Number of population

Communities of origin

Study method

Material

Origin of samples

Ethics committee approval

Informed consent

1

USA

James W. Larrick et al. [28]

1978

600 Waorani

ND

Observational Epidemiological study

Surveys

ND

ND

2

USA

Jonathan E. Kaplan et al. [29]

1980

293 Waorani

Tiweno, Tzapino, Gabaro

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test, skin test data and stool examination

Primary

ND

ND

3

USA

Jonathan E. Kaplan et al. [30]

1980

227 Waorani

Tiweno, Tzapino, Bai's, Gareno

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test, skin test data and stool examination

Primary

ND

ND

4

UK

Theakston RD, et al. [31]

1981

223 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

ND

5

USA

James W. Larrick et al. [32]

1983

227 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test, skin test data and stool examination

Primary

ND

ND

6

USA

E.Wade Davis et al. [33]

1983

ND Waorani

ND

Observational Epidemiological study

Descriptive evaluation

ND

ND

7

UK

Theakston RD et al. [34]

1983

7 Waorani

ND

Applied Basic research—Animal study

Inoculation of human antibodies against the snake venoms

Primary

ND

ND

8

USA

James W. Larrick et al. [35]

1985

231 Waorani

Tzapino, Bai's, Tiweno, Gabaro

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

ND

9

USA

C. Edward Buckley et al. [36]

1985

229 Waorani

Other foreign groups

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test and skin test data

Primary

ND

ND

10

USA

James W. Larrick et al. [37]

1987

70 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

ND

11

USA

David I. Watkins et al. [38]

1992

17 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

ND

12

BRASIL

Fabrício R. Santos et al. [19]

1996

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute of Medical Research

ND

ND

13

USA

Evan E. Eichler et al. [20]

1996

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Arrayed X-chromosome library

Secondary—Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

ND

ND

14

GERMANY

Colm O’Huigin et al. [39]

1997

6 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

ND

15

BRASIL

Fabrício R. Santos et al. [21]

1999

ND Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—National Institute of General Medical Science

ND

ND

16

USA

Michael A. Kron et al. [40]

2000

31 Dicaro Waorani

8 Non-Dicaro Waorani

16 Quichua

Dicaro

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

Acquired

17

ECUADOR

Stephen R. Manock et al. [41]

2000

173 Waorani

15 Waorani Villages

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

Leadership of ONHAE

ND

18

BRASIL

Francisco M. Salzano [42]

2002

ND Waorani

ND

Systematic review

Local and National ethics committees

ND

19

USA

Lizhi Yu et al. [22]

2003

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute

ND

ND

20

JAPAN

Yasuhiro Go et al. [23]

2005

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute

ND

ND

21

MEXICO

Maria Mercedes Meza et al. [24]

2005

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute

ND

ND

22

USA

Eray Tuzun et al. [25]

2005

1 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute Cell Repository

ND

ND

23

ESPAÑA

Fabricio Gonzales [43]

2006

40 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

ND

Acquired

24

USA

Nicholas J. Marini et al. [26]

2008

ND Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—Coriell Institute Cell Repository

ND

ND

25

USA

Stephen Beckerman et al. [44]

2009

121 Waorani

ND

Observational Epidemiological study

Surveys

Institutional Review Boards of Pennsylvania State University and the University of Connecticut

Acquired

26

ESPAÑA

Fabricio Gonzales et al. [45]

2009

35 Waorani

102 Mestizos

102 Kichwa

102 Afro- Ecuadorian

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

Metropolitan Hospital

Acquired

27

ESPAÑA

M. Baeta et al. [1]

2009

111 Waorani

Toñampare, Bameno

Basic research, analytical procedures

Saliva swab samples

Primary

ND

ND

28

USA

William Kuang-Yao Pan et al. [46]

2010

221 Quichua

99 Shuar

78 Huaorani

50 Cofan

31 Secoya

ND

Observational Epidemiological study

Surveys

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

ND

29

ESPAÑA

Luis Gomez—Perez et al. [47]

2011

36 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

University of the Basque Country

Acquired

30

GERMANY

Maria Geppert et al. [48]

2011

65 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Buccal swab samples

Primary

Approved by an ethical commission not specified

Acquired

31

ESPAÑA

S Cardoso et al. [49]

2012

36 Waorani

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

Institutional Review Board from UPV/EHU

Acquired

32

ESPAÑA

Luis Gomez—Perez et al. [50]

2013

36 Waorani Other foreign group

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

Institutional Review Board from UPV/EHU

Acquired

33

GERMANY

Lutz Roewer et al. [51]

2013

40 Waorani

Fifty different ethnic groups

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Buccal swabs, liquid saliva and capillary blood

Primary

Institutional review board of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Berlin

Acquired

34

USA

Douglas S.London et al. [52]

2014

16 Waorani

63 Kiwchas

Kawymeno

Basic research, analytical procedures

Stool samples

Primary

ND

ND

35

USA

Douglas S.London et al. [53]

2015

121 Waorani

312 Kiwchas

Kawymeno

Observational Epidemiological study

Surveys

Institutional Review Board at Arizona State University

Acquired

36

UK

Massimo Mezzavilla et al. [54]

2015

22 Waorani

9 Kiwchas

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

Serologic test

Primary

Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Germany

Acquired

37

GERMANY

Maria Geppert et al. [27]

2015

20 Waorani

24 Kiwcha

ND

Basic research, analytical procedures

DNA sample

Secondary—obtained of other studies

ND

ND

38

ECUADOR

Edy Quizhpe et al. [55]

2016

199 Waorani

22 Waorani Villages

Observational Epidemiological study

Surveys

ND

ND

  1. The table only described the indigenous communities belong to Ecuador. In the origin of the samples: primary refers to obtaining samples directly from the population and secondary refers to obtaining genetic samples from gene banks belonging to international institutions
  2. ND not described