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Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

From: The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence

Author

Year

Country

Setting

Emergency / Elective

Nature of procedure*

Population

Phenomena of Interest

Sample Size / Gender

Berman

2008

USA

Multi-Centre

Elective

Major

Patients with asymptomatic AAA.

Information important to patients facing healthcare decision. Evaluating how effective that information was conveyed.

20

M = 17

F = 3

Bramall

2014

Canada

Single Centre

Elective

Major

Post-operative neurosurgery patients with benign and malignant brain tumours

Patterns of information seeking.

Suggestions for information provision.

31

M = 12

F = 19

Dixon-Woods

2006

UK

Single Centre

Elective and Emergency

Intermediate / Minor

Post-operative women following obstetrics and gynaecology surgery

Why some women sign consent forms even when they do not wish to consent to surgery or sign despite having reservations.

25

F = 25

Habiba

2004

UK

Single Centre

Elective and Emergency

Intermediate / Minor

Post-operative women following obstetrics and gynaecology surgery

The process of giving consent.

25

F = 25

Hall

2012

USA

Single Centre

Elective

Intermediate / Minor

Patients with inguinal hernia or benign biliary disease.

How patients make decisions through the process of informed consent

38

*Gender not recorded

Kumar

2012

India

Single Centre

Elective and Emergency

Intermediate / Minor

Patients and health care professionals in a surgical department.

Patient and doctor perceptions of informed consent, constraints to obtaining informed consent and their suggestions for improvement

14 Patients

M = 6

F = 8

8 Doctors

M = 6

F = 2

McKneally

2000

Canada

Single Centre

Elective

Major

Post-operative patients following oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer

What patients believe about consent and decision making

36

M = 28

F = 8

McKneally

2004

Canada

Single Centre

Elective

Intermediate / Minor

Post-operative patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones

Patients perspective of the informed decision-making process

33

M = 13

F = 20

McKneally

2009

Canada

Single Centre

Elective and Emergency

Intermediate / Minor / Major

Attending (consultant) general and thoracic surgeons

Surgeons views of informed decision-making and consent

46 surgeons

Thoracic = 28

General = 18

McNair

2016

UK

Multi-Centre

Elective

Major

Patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma facing surgery

Verbal information provision by surgeons during pre-operative consultations, and patient preferences for information about oesophageal cancer surgery.

31

M = 24

F = 7

Meredith

1996

UK

Multi-Centre

Elective and Emergency

Intermediate / Minor

Post-operative general surgery and urology patients

Patients experience of surgery and surgeons

30

Gender not recorded

Moore

2002

UK

Single Centre

Elective

Intermediate / Minor

Patients on a waiting list for a diagnostic laparoscopy

Women’s views of the risks and benefits of diagnostic laparoscopy in the investigation of chronic pelvic pain.

20

F = 20

Schaufel

2009

Norway

Single Centre

Elective

Major

Pre-operative patients for high risk PCI and cardiac surgery

Existential challenges of doctor-patient interaction and decision-making processes

10

M = 8

F = 2

Spector

2010

Canada

Multi-Centre

Elective

Intermediate / Minor

Post-operative plastic surgery patients

Expectations and informational needs of women who underwent three different breast procedures.

48

F = 48

Suarez-Almazor

2010

USA

Single Centre

Elective

Intermediate / Minor

Patients with a diagnosis of knee OA and no previous knee replacement

Decision making factors influencing patient preferences for TKA.

37

M = 14

F = 23

Wood

2014

UK

Multi-Centre

Elective / Emergency

Intermediate / Minor / Major

Consultant and training grade doctors from a range of surgical specialties.

Doctors’ perspectives of the informed consent process: how doctors communicate risk, barriers doctors face in gaining informed consent for surgical procedures, and how the current informed consent process can be improved.

20

M = 10

F = 10