Table 1 General characteristics of the participants (A). Association of gender and professional status with prior research experience and prior training in research ethics (B)
From: Knowledge and attitudes of physicians toward research ethics and scientific misconduct in Lebanon
(A) | Â | Â |
|  | Mean ± SD |  |
Age | 40.66 ± 13.751 |  |
| Â | Number (n) | Percentage (%) |
Gender (323) | ||
 Female | 124 | 38.4 |
 Male | 199 | 61.6 |
Level of Education (322) | ||
 M.D. | 232 | 72.0 |
 Masters | 39 | 12.1 |
 Ph.D. | 35 | 10.9 |
 Board certified | 16 | 5.0 |
Professional status (307) | ||
 Professor | 25 | 8.1 |
 Associate Professor | 22 | 7.2 |
 Assistant Professor | 19 | 6.2 |
 Senior Lecturer | 26 | 8.5 |
 Clinician | 157 | 51.1 |
 Resident doctors | 53 | 17.3 |
 Research Officers | 5 | 1.6 |
Medical Speciality (331) | ||
 Internal Medicine | 44 | 13.3 |
 Obstetrics/ Gynaecology | 28 | 8.5 |
 Paediatric | 53 | 16.0 |
 Surgery | 47 | 14.2 |
 Others | 159 | 48.0 |
|  | Mean ± SD |  |
Years of experience (292) | 12.45 ± 12.90 |  |
Prior research involvement (331) | ||
 Yes | 245 | 74 |
 No | 86 | 26 |
Prior training in research ethics (313) | ||
 Yes | 168 | 53.7 |
 No | 145 | 46.3 |
(B) | Â | |
| Â | Prior research involvement | |
Yes (%) | No (%) | |
Gender (p = 0. 896) | ||
 Female | 73.4 | 26.6 |
 Male | 74.4 | 25.6 |
Level of Education (p = 0.007) | ||
 M.D. | 69.4 | 30.6 |
 Masters | 79.5 | 20.5 |
 Ph.D. | 91.4 | 8.6 |
 Board certified | 93.8 | 6.3 |
Professional status (p = 0.000) | ||
 Professor | 92.0 | 8.0 |
 Associate Professor | 95.5 | 4.5 |
 Assistant Professor | 100.0 | 0.0 |
 Senior Lecturer | 80.8 | 19.2 |
 Clinician | 70.1 | 29.9 |
 Resident doctors | 58.5 | 41.5 |
 Research Officers | 100.0 | 0.0 |
Medical Speciality (p = 0.047) | ||
 Internal Medicine | 79.5 | 20.5 |
 Obstetrics/ Gynaecology | 82.1 | 17.9 |
 Paediatric | 56.6 | 43.4 |
 Surgery | 78.7 | 21.3 |
 Others | 75.5 | 24.5 |
Prior training in research ethics (p = 0.000) | ||
 Yes | 60 | 40 |
 No | 34.6 | 65.4 |
| Â | Prior training in research ethics | |
Yes (%) | No (%) | |
Gender (p = 0. 55) | ||
 Women | 51.8 | 48.2 |
 Men | 55.4 | 44.6 |
Level of Education (p = 0.07) | ||
 M.D. | 50.5 | 49.5 |
 Masters | 55.6 | 44.4 |
 Ph.D. | 74.3 | 25.7 |
 Board certified | 53.3 | 46.7 |
Professional status (p = 0.003) | ||
 Professor | 84.0 | 16.0 |
 Associate Professor | 47.6 | 52.4 |
 Assistant Professor | 68.4 | 31.6 |
 Senior Lecturer | 61.5 | 38.5 |
 Clinician | 43.1 | 56.9 |
 Resident doctors | 62.3 | 30.2 |
 Research Officers | 60.0 | 40.0 |
Medical Speciality (p = 0.641) | ||
 Internal Medicine | 62.8 | 37.2 |
 Obstetrics/ Gynaecology | 46.4 | 53.6 |
 Paediatric | 49.0 | 51.0 |
 Surgery | 55.3 | 44.7 |
 Others | 53.4 | 46.6 |