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Table 2 Cox proportional hazards models for signing a DNR order

From: Are physicians on the same page about do-not-resuscitate? To examine individual physicians’ influence on do-not-resuscitate decision-making: a retrospective and observational study

 

Crude Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P value

Gender

 Male

0.68 (0.52–1.12)

0.18

0.90 (0.56–1.42)

0.64

 Female

1.0

 

1.0

Age, year

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.10

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.10

Religion

 Others

0.56 (0.27–1.18)

0.13

0.59 (0.27–1.28)

0.18

 Buddhist/Daoist

0.58 (0.27–1.23)

0.16

0.60 (0.27–1.31)

0.20

 Christian/Catholic

1.0

 

1.0

Education, year

  > 12

0.62 (0.33–1.17)

0.14

0.81 (0.37–1.79)

0.60

 1–12

0.60 (0.33–1.07)

0.08

0.81 (0.42–1.56)

0.52

 0

1.0

 

1.0

Marital Status

 Married

0.85 (0.57–1.25)

0.40

0.88 (0.56–1.37)

0.56

 Others

1.0

 

1.0

Working Fulltime

 Yes

0.77 (0.51–1.15)

0.20

0.81 (0.49–1.34)

0.41

 No

1.0

 

1.0

 

Residence

 Rural area

1.77 (0.86–3.65)

0.12

1.76 (0.83–3.76)

0.14

 Urban area

1.0

 

1.0

 

Admission Diagnosis

 Non-operative a, cardiac failure/insufficiency

1.54 (0.93–2.55)

0.09

2.49 (1.37–4.53)

< 0.01

 Non-operative, others

1.70 (0.64–4.58)

0.30

2.45 (0.84–7.16)

0.10

 Post-operative b, major surgery

0.91 (0.50–1.80)

0.79

1.19 (0.56–2.53)

0.66

 Post-operative others

1.0

 

1.0

TISS

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

0.04

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

< 0.01

Individual Physicians

 Physician 1

0.75 (0.10–5.77)

0.78

0.71 (0.09–5.59)

0.75

 Physician 2

1.02 (0.33–3.21)

0.97

1.42 (0.42–4.77)

0.57

 Physician 3

0.62 (0.08–4.77)

0.65

0.47 (0.06–3.70)

0.47

 Physician 4

2.64 (1.04–6.70)

0.04

3.82 (1.40–10.45)

< 0.01

 Physician 5

1.22 (0.48–3.08)

0.68

2.09 (0.77–5.68)

0.15

 Physician 6

0.36 (0.17–0.74)

< 0.01

0.34 (0.16–0.71)

< 0.01

 Physician 7

0.28 (0.08–0.99)

0.05

0.26 (0.07–0.95)

0.04

 Physician 8

0.60 (0.28–1.31)

0.20

0.53 (0.24–1.19)

0.12

 Physician 9

0.72 (0.37–1.43)

0.35

0.66 (0.33–1.34)

0.25

 Physician 10

0.65 (0.34–1.25)

0.20

0.71 (0.35–1.46)

0.36

 Physician 11

1.0

 

1.0

  1. Abbreviation List: DNR do-not-resuscitate, CI confidence interval, TISS Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, ICU intensive care unit
  2. a “Non-operative” implies that patients: (1) have undergone cardiothoracic surgical procedures before this admission, and were admitted due to clinical illnesses associated with prior surgical procedures; (2) were scheduled to receive a cardiothoracic surgical procedure; or (3) currently being supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
  3. b “Post-operative” implies that patients have undergone cardiothoracic surgical procedures in this admission