Table 3 Main characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review (N = 68)
Characteristics of the included studies | CRED (N = 138) (%) | Online (N = 68) (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Study theme | Children’s illnesses (including diarrhoea/ Acute Respiratory Illness) | 48 (34.8) | 11 (16.2) |
Clinical conditions (including AIDS, malaria, genetic diseases) | 4 (2.9) | 16 (23.5) | |
Immunisation | 119 (86.2) | 10 (14.7) | |
Mental health issues | 0 (0.0) | 8 (11.8) | |
Methodological, organisational issues | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) | |
Morbidity | 91 (65.9) | 12 (17.6) | |
Mortality | 124 (89.9) | 18 (26.5) | |
Nutrition and food security | 130 (94.2) | 28 (41.2) | |
Other | 34 (24.6) | 24 (35.3) | |
Violence and gender-based violence (GBV), including rape | 0 (0.0) | 14 (20.6) | |
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH) | 37 (26.8) | 8 (11.8) | |
Women/Maternal/Reproductive Health | 2 (1.4) | 46 (67.6) | |
Type of the main surveying agencies | UN agency | 27 (19.6) | 28 (41.2) |
Independent researchers | 0 (0.0) | 27 (39.7) | |
INGO | 119 (86.2) | 23 (33.8) | |
Governmental body | 46 (33.3) | 14 (20.6) | |
International (bilateral) agency | 9 (6.5) | 3 (4.4) | |
NNGO | 2 (1.4) | 2 (2.9) | |
Data collection methods and tools | Questionnaires - Interviews (including verbal autopsy) | 135 (97.8) | 50 (73.5) |
FGDs | 10 (7.2) | 23 (33.8) | |
Anthropometric measures | 128 (92.8) | 11 (16.2) | |
Blood/serum sample | 2 (1.4) | 11 (16.2) | |
Review of medical records | 11 (8.0) | 10 (14.7) | |
Review of non-medical reports | 116 (84.1) | 8 (11.8) | |
Direct observations (including observing oedema) | 106 (76.8) | 7 (10.3) | |
Others | 7 (5.1) | 4 (5.9) | |
Urine/stool sample | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.4) | |
Other body sample | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | |
Sampling techniques | (Multi-stage) cluster sampling | 137 (99.3) | 36 (52.9) |
Convenience/targeted (Non-random | 27 (39.7) | ||
Not applicable | 2 (2.9) | ||
Not mentioned | 2 (2.9) | ||
Other | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.5) | |
Semi-random sampling | 1 (1.5) | ||
Systematic/random sampling | 6 (8.8) |