Participants’ awareness of ethical compliance, safety and protection during participation in pharmaceutical industry clinical trials: a controlled survey

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population

Characteristic	Study population		T2DM		COPD		RA		HT
	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls	Cases	Controls
	n = 604	n = 604	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151	n = 151
Age, mean ± SD (years)	54.9 ± 13.9	47.1 ± 15.5^a	52.2 ± 12.8	46.6 ± 15.7^a	60.3 ± 14.2	53.1 ± 16.7^a	50.1 ± 13.4	41.6 ± 15.3^a	56.8 ± 13.1	47 ± 12.1^a
Age group, n (%)
< 50 years	216 (35.8)	320 (53.0)^a	68 (45.0)	83 (55.0)	31 (20.5)	57 (37.7)^a	71 (47.0)	103 (68.2)^a	46 (30.5)	77 (51.0)^a
> 50 years	388 (64.2)	284 (47.0)	83 (55.0)	68 (45.0)	120 (79.5)	94 (62.3)	80 (53.0)	48 (31.8)	105 (69.5)	74 (49.0)
Sex, n (%)
Female	377 (62.4)	394 (65.2)	101 (66.9)	95 (62.9)	69 (45.7)	92 (60.9)^b	126 (83.4)	110 (72.8)^b	81 (53.6)	97 (64.2)
Male	227 (37.6)	210 (34.8)	50 (33.1)	56 (37.1)	82 (54.3)	59 (39.1)	25 (16.6)	41 (27.2)	70 (46.4)	54 (35.8)
Years of education, n (%)
< 9 years	363 (60.1)	341 (56.5)	90 (59.6)	82 (54.3)	89 (58.9)	76 (50.3)	90 (59.6)	85 (56.3)	94 (62.3)	98 (64.9)
> 9 years	241 (39.9)	263 (43.5)	61 (40.4)	69 (45.7)	62 (41.1)	75 (49.7)	61 (40.4)	66 (43.7)	57 (37.7)	53 (35.1)
Health care, n (%)
Yes	476 (78.8)	453 (75)	122 (80.8)	118 (78.1)	116 (76.8)	121 (80.1)	112 (74.2)	116 (76.8)	126 (83.4)	98 (64.9)^a
No	128 (21.2)	151 (25)	29 (19.2)	33 (21.9)	35 (23.2)	30 (19.9)	39 (25.8)	35 (23.2)	25 (16.6)	53 (35.1)
Previous clinical trial participation (case group only), n (%)
One	395 (65.4)		89 (58.9)		89 (58.9)		119 (78.8)		98 (64.9)
Two to three	196 (32.5)		60 (39.7)		56 (37.1)		28 (18.5)		52 (34.4)
Three to six	10 (1.7)		2 (1.3)		5 (3.3)		2 (1.3)		1 (0.7)
More than six	3 (0.5)		0 (0)		1 (0.7)		2 (1.3)		0 (0)

^aP ≤ 0.001; ^bP ≤ 0.05
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, RA rheumatoid arthritis, HT hypertension

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