Table 1 The 15 normative statements of the SCAS [31]

I Coercion as offending subscale

 • Coercion could have been much reduced, when giving more time and personal contact

 • Scare resources lead to more use of coercion

 • Coercion violates the patients integrity

 • Too much coercion is used in treatment

 • Use of coercion can harm the therapeutic relationship

 • Use of coercion is a declaration of failure on the part of the mental health services

II Coercion as care and security subscale

 • For security reasons coercion must sometimes be used

 • Coercion may represent care and protection

 • Use of coercion is necessary as protection in dangerous situations

 • For severely ill patients coercion may represent safety

 • Coercion may prevent the development of a dangerous situation

 • Use of coercion is necessary towards dangerous and aggressive patients

III Coercion as treatment subscale

 • Patients without insight require use of coercion

 • Regressive patients require use of coercion

 • More coercion should be used in treatment