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Table 1 Themes, categories, and subcategories extracted from the interviews

From: Ethical deliberations about involuntary treatment: interviews with Swedish psychiatrists

Theme

Category

Subcategory

The pros and cons of ordering involuntary treatment

Fulfilling the patients’ need of care

Preventing suicide

Providing necessary psychiatric treatment

Ensuring treatment of somatic disorders

Protecting the patient from social harms

Promoting autonomy

Restoring autonomous ability

Promoting well-reasoned decisions

Respecting the patient’s presumed will

Safeguarding third party interests

Preventing harm to others

Relieving relatives of responsibility

Reasons against involuntary treatment

Involuntary treatment as an unwanted exception

Avoiding disruption of trust

Avoiding direct harms of coercion

Respecting self-determination within limits

Circumstances affecting decisions about involuntary treatment

The patient’s social circumstances

Accepting the possibility of rational suicides

Legal influence

Legal demands

Interpreting the law

The possibility of informal coercion

Restricting options

Using the law to make the patient accept "voluntary" treatment

Healthcare deficiencies

Inadequate care environment

Inadequate resources