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Table 3 Categories and sub-categories

From: Ethical violations in the clinical setting: the hidden curriculum learning experience of Pakistani nurses

Categories

Professional guidelines and integrity

Patient informed consent

Patient rights

Coworker coordination for competency, learning and patient safety

Sub-categories

Nurse students used as adjunct staff

Near-absence of consent taking from patients for most non-surgical medical procedures

Patient discrimination on the basis of socio-demographic status

Non-learning culture

Nurses having to face violence

Absence of patient consent taking for receiving treatment from student nurse

Withdrawal of treatment by nurses who fear for their safety

Blame shifting and non-reportage of errors

Patient reluctance to receive treatment from nurse

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