Table 1 Summary of regulation*
From: Variations and voids: the regulation of human cloning around the world
Country | National legislation and effect, or approach in the absence of national legislation |
|---|---|
Australia | Prohibition of Human Cloning Act 2002: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Austria | Act No.275 of 1st July 1992: Implicitly prohibits both RC and NRC |
Belgium | Law of 11th May 2003: Prohibits RC but permits NRC |
Canada | Assisted Human Reproduction Act 2004: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
China | None Ministerial regulations prohibit RC and allow NRC |
Denmark | Law No.460 of 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Finland | Medical Research Act No.488 of 1999: Prohibits RC, but NRC might not be included within this prohibition |
France | Law of July 2004: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Germany | Embryo Protection Act 1990: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Greece | Law 3089 of 23rd December 2002: Prohibits RC, but does not cover NRC |
Iceland | Law No. 55 of 29th of May 1996: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
India | None Guidelines reject RC but might allow NRC |
Ireland | None Constitutional provision might prohibit both NRC and RC |
Israel | Prohibition of Genetic Intervention (Human Cloning and Genetic Manipulation of Reproductive Cells) Law 1999: Imposes a moratorium on RC, silent on NRC |
Italy | Law of 2003: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Korea | Bioethics Law 2003: Prohibits RC, silent on NRC |
Luxembourg | None |
Mexico | General Health Law of 7 May 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Netherlands | Embryo Act 2002: Prohibits RC and imposes a moratorium on NRC |
New Zealand | Medicines (Restricted Biotechnical Procedures) Amendment Act 2002: Prohibits RC, silent on NRC |
Norway | Law No. 100 of 5 December 2003: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Peru | General Law No. 26842 of 9 July 1997: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Portugal | None Ratified Convention (discussed below) |
Russia | Law on the Temporary Prohibition of Human Cloning 2002: Imposes a Moratorium on RC |
Spain | Law 35 of November 1988: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Sweden | Law No. 115 of 14th March 1991: Implicitly prohibits both RC and NRC (with possible gaps) |
Switzerland | Federal Law of 18 December 1998: Prohibits both RC and NRC |
Thailand | None |
UK | Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990: Permits NRC under licence Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001: Prohibits RC |
United States | None Some states have legislation prohibiting RC or both RC and NRC |