Table 3 Priorities for future research

1

Effectiveness studies that integrate ethical dimensions of TasP implementation: Examining the social, economic and political contexts that influence the capacity for successfully and ethically implementing and scaling up TasP.

2

Examinations of power relations in clinical interactions: Empirical research examining the conditions that enable patients to make fully informed decisions about TasP that are free of coercion.

3

TasP as a case study of ‘targeting’: Ongoing empirical and philosophical work should aim to characterize the extent to which TasP differentially affects population sub-groups.

4

Empirical estimations to inform resource distribution decision-making in the context of natural experiments: Move beyond the ongoing ‘treatment versus prevention’ debate and focus energies on developing new empirical estimations regarding the costs (including opportunity costs) of scaling up TasP.

5

Public engagement and interdisciplinary science: Use techniques associated with implementation and social science (e.g., fieldwork; interviews; policy analysis) and moral frameworks from the field of population and public health ethics (e.g., social justice frameworks).