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Edict/Law
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Edict*
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Edict
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Edict
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Law
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Law
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Common law/edicts/Clandestine practices
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When TOP permissible?
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Rape victims severe foetal anomaly (SFA)
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SFA
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SFA
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SFA developmental delay
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SFA intrauterine death risk to mother
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SFA/Rape/Social/economic conditions
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Rules for TOP If abortion permissible?
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Even ≥120 days in rape; ≤120 days if life of mother at risk due to SFA. *Egyptian law prohibits abortion under any circums-tance but allowed to save life of mother. Egyptian clergy objected to law legalizing TOP for financial & health reasons [65]
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≤120 days
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≤120 days only
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i. ≤120 days only
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i. ≤120 days if foetus will die; SFA incurable
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Extremes variations noted;
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≥120 days
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TOP ≤120 days if life of mother or health at (18/47 countries); whereas some countries (10/47) allowed TOP on request [50]. 1 in 10 pregnancies resulted in abortion in in the Middle East where TOP is not permitted, unsafe TOP was cause 6% of the maternal mortalities [61]
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ii. SFA/dev delay
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ii. ≥120 days if mother certain to die without TOP
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If proven by 3 medical specialists & consented by both parents
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≥120 days if risk to mother’s life proven by 2 medical specialists
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iii. if it causes extreme suffering to mother and fetus
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iii. TOP permissible any time if foetus died intra uterine.
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iv. TOP can only be performed if recommended by 3 physician; if consented by both parents or wife alone if the pregnancy will harm her health or by or any person(s) delegated by parents
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iv. Mother’s life at risk
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Illegal /unsafe TOP rampant in many Middle Eastern countries often requiring hospitalization [62–64]
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