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Table 1 Exemplars of clauses supporting the need to consider research benefits1.

From: Ethics in practice: the state of the debate on promoting the social value of global health research in resource poor settings particularly Africa

Guidelines Code/Report

Relevant clause

Declaration of Helsinki (2008)

Guideline 5 "In medical research on human subjects, considerations related to the wellbeing of the human subject should take precedence over those of science and society"

Guideline 19 "Medical research is only justified if there is reasonable likelihood that the population in which it is carried out stand to benefit".

CIOMS (2002)

Guidelines 5, 10, 11 and 12 require that information regarding benefits to participants, the community and how and when these benefits shall be made available, be given during the consent process.

NBAC (2004)

Part 4.2 states that "whenever possible/.../agreements should be negotiated/.../to make effective interventions or other research benefits, available to the host country",

ICH-GCP(1996)

Part 4.3.2 states that "During and following a subject's participation in a trial, the investigator/institution should ensure that adequate medical care is provided to a subject for any adverse events, including clinically significant laboratory values, related to the trial.../.

UDBHR 2005

Article 15 "the benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared..."

Nigerian Ethics Code (2006)

Section A, "research must have social and scientific value to either participants or the population that they represent, the local community, host country or the world, in order to justify the use of finite resources and exposure to harm/.../in collaborative studies...",

Brazilian Resolution No. 196/96

Section III: part 3 M, "...research protocols should guarantee the individuals and communities where the research was undertaken, a return on the benefits obtained in the research/.../when it is really beneficial to foster or encourage changes in practices/behaviors in the interest of a community..."