Table 2 Characteristics of ICU patients
Variables | DNR (n = 45) | Withholding (n = 38) | Withdrawal (n = 17) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reasons for ICU admission, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.503 |
 Respiratory failure | 22 (48.9) | 24 (63.2) | 11 (64.7) |  |
 Septic shock | 18 (40.0) | 13 (34.2) | 5 (29.4) |  |
 Others | 5 (11.1) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (5.9) |  |
SOFAÂ score | ||||
 Within 24 h | 8.9 ± 4.1 | 8.5 ± 3.6 | 9.3 ± 3.7 | 0.770 |
 At 48 h | 10.9 ± 4.4 | 9.8 ± 4.8 | 9.8 ± 3.9 | 0.521 |
Therapy within 24 h, n (%) | ||||
 Vasopressors | 36 (80.0) | 24 (63.2) | 11 (64.7) | 0.194 |
 Inotropes | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.093 |
 HFNC | 17 (37.8) | 15 (39.5) | 5 (29.4) | 0.767 |
 MV | 29 (64.4) | 21 (55.3) | 10 (58.8) | 0.692 |
Therapy during ICU stay, n (%) | ||||
 HFNC | 19 (42.2) | 20 (52.6) | 6 (35.3) | 0.431 |
 MV | 35 (77.8) | 26 (68.4) | 13 (76.5) | 0.655 |
 RRT | 21 (46.7) | 6 (15.8) | 5 (29.4) | 0.011 |
 ECMO | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.8) | 0.074 |
Events during ICU stay, n (%) | ||||
 Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 8 (17.8) | 4 (10.5) | 3 (17.6) | 0.698 |
 Catheter-related infection | 6 (13.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.098 |
 Urinary tract infection | 4 (8.9) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (11.8) | 0.810 |
 ARDS | 9 (20.0) | 13 (34.2) | 3 (17.6) | 0.294 |
 Arrhythmia | 14 (31.1) | 5 (13.2) | 2 (11.8) | 0.099 |
 Bleeding requiring intervention | 6 (13.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.225 |
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 5 (11.1) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (5.9) | 0.902 |
ICU duration | 8 (5–20) | 9.5 (5–17) | 15 (6–32) | 0.399 |
MV duration | 5 (1–15) | 5 (0–12) | 4 (3–15) | 0.879 |
ICU mortality | 40 (88.9) | 27 (71.1) | 11 (64.7) | 0.048 |
30-day mortality after ICU admission | 38 (84.4) | 32 (84.2) | 9 (52.9) | 0.026 |
60-day mortality after ICU admission | 40 (88.9) | 36 (94.7) | 15 (88.2) | 0.581 |