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Table 4 Univariate analysis of student self-reported attitudes and behaviours related to lying by gender, class (basic, clinical) and type of medical college (private, public)*

From: Self-reported attitudes and behaviours of medical students in Pakistan regarding academic misconduct: a cross-sectional study

Scenarios related to lying

Male

Female

95% CI

Basic

Clinical

95% CI

Private

Public

95% CI

While plotting a graph for an experiment, a student omits and/or adds data points to show the desired results.

         

a. The student is wrong.

129/202 (64)

160/248 (65)

-10, 8

171/260 (66)

122/196 (62)

-5, 12

200/258 (78)

93/198 (47)

22, 39

b. Have done or would consider doing the same.

81/204 (40)

87/246 (35)

-5, 1

92/259 (36)

77/197 (39)

-13, 5.4

75/258 (29)

94/198 (48)

-27, -10

A student writes “Examination – normal” in his patient presentation when he has not performed the procedure.

         

a. The student is wrong.

176/200 (88)

221/252 (88)

-6, 6

230/263 (88)

171/195 (88)

-6, 6

232/254 (91)

169/204 (83)

2, 15

b. Have done or would consider doing the same.

56/201 (28)

31/245 (13)

8, 23

20/257 (8)

68/193 (35)

-35, -20

25/251 (10)

63/199 (32)

-29, -14

A student fakes an illness to justify an absence.

         

a. The student is wrong.

131/201 (65)

182//251 (73)

-16, 1

199/263 (76)

118/195 (61)

7, 24

173/255 (68)

144/203 (71)

-12, 6

b. Have done or would consider doing the same.

38/201 (19)

55/249 (22)

-11, 4.4

55/261 (21)

38/194 (20)

-6, 9

79/253 (31)

14/202 (7)

17, 31

A student submits a fake medical certificate to justify an absence.

         

a. The student is wrong.

128/201 (64)

175/251 (70)

-15, 3

192/264 (73)

115/194 (59)

5, 22

176/255 (69)

131/203 (65)

-4, 13

b. Have done or would consider doing the same.

40/199 (20)

45/246 (18)

-6, 9

45/260 (17)

40/189 (21)

-11, 4

56/250 (22)

29/199 (15)

1, 15

A student forges a professor’s signature on a piece of work.

         

a. The student is wrong.

155/199 (78)

214/251 (85)

-15, -0.1

233/263 (89)

140/193 (73)

9, 24

241/255 (95)

132/201 (66)

22, 36

b. Have done or would consider doing the same.

17/198 (9)

18/249 (7)

-4, 6

20/260 (8)

15/192 (8)

-5, 5

16/253 (6)

19/199 (10)

-8, 2

  1. *Agreement with the scenario stems i.e. a response of “Yes”, is reported here in absolute numbers out of total number of respondents in the sub-group and corresponding percentages. Remaining responses were either “No” or “Not sure”. Not all respondents provided an answer to each scenario/question. Significant differences are in bold text.