Table 2 Stakeholders’ ethical concerns by fields of PM
Fields of PM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Research | Clinical Use( Health Care) | |||
Prevention | Treatment | |||
Ethical Concerns | Individual Level | Informed Consent for Biomarker Studies | Impact on Individual Well-Being | Higher Risks for Patients |
Confidentiality & Data Protection | Confidentiality & Data Protection | |||
Right to Know/Right not to Know | Right to Know/Right not to Know | |||
Study Designs (Patient Relevant Outcomes) | Increased Individual Responsibility for Health | |||
Societal Level | Allocation of Resources | (Genetic) Discrimination | Distribution | |